Properly emulsified hollandaise sauce will be thick, smooth, and glossy, with a pale yellow color and a stable consistency that doesn't separate easily. It should also coat the back of a spoon evenly.
Achieving a perfect hollandaise sauce relies on a stable emulsion of butter and egg yolks. Here's how to visually and consistently identify a properly emulsified hollandaise:
Thickness: The sauce should have a noticeable thickness, similar to a light mayonnaise or a custard. It shouldn't be watery or runny. As you whisk, you'll feel the sauce gaining body and resistance.
Smoothness: A well-emulsified hollandaise will be incredibly smooth, free of any lumps or graininess. This indicates that the butter and egg yolks have fully combined into a homogenous mixture.
Glossiness: The sauce should have a beautiful, glossy sheen. This is a key indicator of a stable emulsion where the fat molecules are evenly dispersed and reflecting light.
Color: The color should be a pale, creamy yellow. If the sauce is too pale, it might be under-emulsified or have too much liquid. If it's too dark, the butter may have browned too much.
Coating Ability: Dip the back of a spoon into the sauce. A properly emulsified hollandaise will coat the spoon evenly and thickly, leaving a distinct line when you run your finger through it. The sauce shouldn't run off the spoon quickly.
Stability: While hollandaise is delicate, a properly emulsified sauce will hold its consistency for a short period without separating. If it starts to separate quickly, it indicates a broken emulsion.
Use clarified butter (ghee) for a more stable hollandaise. Clarifying removes the milk solids, which can interfere with the emulsion and cause the sauce to break more easily.