Green beans lose their crunch in the fridge primarily due to moisture absorption and cell wall degradation. The cold temperature slows down enzymatic activity but doesn't stop it entirely, leading to softening over time.
Green beans, like many vegetables, are mostly water. When stored in the refrigerator, they can absorb excess moisture from the surrounding environment. This excess moisture weakens the cell walls, causing them to become limp and lose their crispness. Furthermore, even at refrigerator temperatures, enzymes within the green beans continue to break down the cell walls, contributing to the loss of crunch. The process is slower than at room temperature, but it still occurs. The beans also respire, using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide and water. This process further contributes to moisture within the storage container, exacerbating the softening effect.
To maintain the crunch of green beans in the fridge, store them unwashed in a breathable bag or container lined with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture. Avoid sealing them tightly, as this can trap moisture and accelerate softening.