Storing unpeeled garlic in airtight jars is not recommended as it creates an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment that can promote the growth of *Clostridium botulinum*, the bacteria that causes botulism. It's best to store garlic in a well-ventilated area.
Garlic, like other fresh produce, needs air circulation to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and mold. When you place unpeeled garlic cloves in an airtight jar, you're essentially creating a low-oxygen environment. This environment is ideal for *Clostridium botulinum* to thrive. This bacteria produces a potent neurotoxin that can cause botulism, a serious and potentially fatal illness. While botulism is rare, it's crucial to take precautions when storing low-acid foods like garlic. Proper storage involves allowing air to circulate around the garlic bulbs. This can be achieved by storing them in a mesh bag, a loosely woven basket, or even a paper bag with holes punched in it. Keep the garlic in a cool, dry, and dark place, away from direct sunlight and heat. This will help to extend its shelf life and prevent spoilage.
If you want to preserve garlic in oil, which is also an anaerobic environment, you *must* acidify it first. This can be done by pickling the garlic in vinegar or lemon juice before submerging it in oil. This acidification inhibits the growth of *Clostridium botulinum*. Always follow a tested and reliable recipe for pickling garlic to ensure safety.