Jaggery syrup bubbles when reheated due to the release of trapped air and the caramelization of sugars as the temperature increases. The water content also contributes to bubble formation as it turns to steam.
Jaggery, unlike refined sugar, contains molasses, minerals, and some moisture. When jaggery syrup is made, air can get incorporated into the mixture. Over time, some of this air remains trapped within the syrup. When you reheat the syrup, the increased temperature causes this trapped air to expand and escape, resulting in bubbles.
Furthermore, jaggery is composed of various sugars, including sucrose, glucose, and fructose. As the syrup heats up, these sugars begin to caramelize. Caramelization is a complex process involving the breakdown and rearrangement of sugar molecules, which releases volatile compounds and gases, contributing to the bubbling effect. The higher the temperature, the more pronounced the caramelization and the more bubbles you'll observe.
Finally, jaggery syrup contains water. As the syrup is heated, this water turns into steam. The steam rises to the surface and escapes, creating bubbles in the process. The amount of bubbling will depend on the water content of the syrup and the intensity of the heat.
To minimize bubbling and prevent the syrup from burning, reheat jaggery syrup over low heat, stirring frequently. Adding a small amount of water can also help to prevent excessive caramelization and burning.