Yes, you can substitute butter with ghee in shortcrust pastry. Ghee adds a nutty flavor and can result in a flakier crust due to its lower moisture content.
Ghee is clarified butter, meaning the milk solids and water have been removed. This makes it nearly 100% fat, unlike butter which contains water and milk solids. When using ghee in shortcrust pastry, the lower moisture content can lead to a more tender and flaky crust because less gluten develops. The process is straightforward: simply replace the butter in your recipe with an equal amount of ghee, measured by weight. You may need to slightly adjust the amount of liquid in the recipe, adding a tablespoon at a time if the dough seems too dry. The flavor will be subtly different, imparting a richer, nuttier taste to the pastry. The fat in ghee also coats the flour particles more effectively, inhibiting gluten formation, which is key to a tender shortcrust.
Chill the ghee before using it, just as you would with butter, to prevent it from melting too quickly and making the dough greasy. This will help maintain the desired texture of the pastry.