Grating increases the surface area of an ingredient, allowing for more cell walls to be broken and volatile flavor compounds to be released more readily. This results in a more intense and immediate flavor impact.
When we grate an ingredient, such as cheese, ginger, or citrus zest, we are essentially creating countless tiny pieces. This process dramatically increases the surface area exposed to air, heat, or other ingredients. The increased surface area allows for a greater number of cell walls to be ruptured. These cell walls contain flavor compounds, including volatile oils and enzymes. When these compounds are released, they interact with our taste buds and olfactory receptors, resulting in a more pronounced and immediate flavor experience. For example, grating ginger releases its pungent oils, while grating cheese allows its complex flavors to melt and blend more easily into a dish. The finer the grate, the more surface area is created, and the more intense the flavor release will be.
For the most intense flavor, grate ingredients like garlic or ginger just before adding them to your dish. This minimizes the time for volatile oils to dissipate, ensuring maximum flavor impact.