The best time to eat probiotic-rich foods is generally on an empty stomach, such as first thing in the morning or before bed, to maximize the survival of the probiotics through the harsh stomach acid.
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can improve gut health. However, stomach acid can kill many of these bacteria before they reach the intestines, where they can provide the most benefit. Eating probiotic-rich foods on an empty stomach helps to minimize the amount of time the probiotics are exposed to stomach acid. When your stomach is empty, it's more acidic, but the overall volume of acid is lower. This means the probiotics pass through the stomach more quickly, increasing their chances of survival. Some studies suggest that taking probiotics 30 minutes before a meal or during a meal with fats may also improve survival rates, as the food can buffer the stomach acid. However, an empty stomach is generally considered the most effective approach. Experiment to see what works best for you, as individual responses can vary.
If you're taking probiotic supplements, consider a delayed-release capsule. These capsules are designed to resist stomach acid and release the probiotics directly into the intestines, regardless of when you take them.