Yes, you need to cover your sourdough starter jar. A loose cover, like cheesecloth or a jar lid placed loosely on top, is best to allow airflow while preventing contamination.
Covering your sourdough starter is essential for several reasons. First, it protects the starter from unwanted contaminants like dust, fruit flies, and other airborne particles. Second, it helps maintain a consistent environment for the yeast and bacteria to thrive. However, an airtight seal is not recommended. Sourdough starters produce carbon dioxide as they ferment. An airtight container could build up pressure and potentially explode. A loose cover, such as cheesecloth secured with a rubber band, a coffee filter, or a jar lid placed loosely on top, allows the carbon dioxide to escape while still providing protection. This ensures a healthy and active starter. The key is to balance protection with the need for ventilation.
Avoid using metal lids directly on the jar without a barrier like parchment paper. The acidity of the starter can react with the metal, potentially affecting the starter's flavor and health.