Yes, you can make vinaigrette in advance. It will likely separate over time, but a quick shake or whisk will re-emulsify it.
Vinaigrette is a simple emulsion of oil and vinegar, often with added herbs, spices, and emulsifiers like mustard or honey. Because oil and vinegar are naturally immiscible (they don't mix), the vinaigrette will separate into layers as it sits. This is perfectly normal and doesn't mean the vinaigrette has gone bad.
To make vinaigrette in advance:
Combine all ingredients in a jar with a tight-fitting lid or a bowl.
Shake the jar vigorously or whisk the ingredients in the bowl until the vinaigrette is emulsified (appears creamy and well-combined).
Store the vinaigrette in the refrigerator. It can typically last for several days to a week, depending on the ingredients used. Fresh herbs may shorten the shelf life.
Before using, allow the vinaigrette to come to room temperature slightly (this will help the oil become more fluid) and shake or whisk it again to re-emulsify.
Adding a small amount of Dijon mustard or honey to your vinaigrette acts as an emulsifier, helping the oil and vinegar stay combined for longer and creating a smoother, more stable emulsion.