Frozen prawns become rubbery when thawed due to protein denaturation and water loss during the freezing and thawing process, leading to a tough texture.
The rubbery texture of thawed frozen prawns is primarily caused by two factors: protein denaturation and water loss. During freezing, ice crystals form within the prawn's flesh. If the freezing process is slow, these ice crystals can be large and damaging to the cell structure. When thawed, the damaged cells release water, resulting in a drier prawn. Furthermore, the proteins in the prawn can denature during freezing and thawing. Denaturation causes the proteins to unravel and clump together, leading to a tougher, more rubbery texture. Rapid thawing can exacerbate this issue, as it doesn't allow the prawn to reabsorb the water properly. The faster the freezing and slower the thawing, the better the texture will be.
To minimize rubberiness, thaw frozen prawns slowly in the refrigerator overnight. This allows for more even thawing and helps the prawn retain more moisture, resulting in a better texture. Avoid thawing at room temperature or in the microwave, as these methods can lead to uneven thawing and further protein denaturation.