A yogurt container puffs up in the fridge due to the continued fermentation process of the yogurt cultures, which produces gases like carbon dioxide. This gas buildup causes the container to expand.
Yogurt contains live and active cultures, primarily bacteria like *Lactobacillus* and *Streptococcus*. These cultures are responsible for fermenting the milk and giving yogurt its characteristic tangy flavor and thick texture. Even under refrigeration, these cultures remain active, albeit at a slower rate. As they consume the lactose (milk sugar) present in the yogurt, they produce lactic acid and other byproducts, including gases such as carbon dioxide.
The carbon dioxide produced is trapped within the sealed yogurt container. Over time, the accumulation of this gas increases the internal pressure, causing the container to swell or 'puff up.' This is more likely to occur if the yogurt is nearing its expiration date, as the cultures have had more time to ferment and produce gas. It can also happen if the refrigerator temperature is not consistently cold enough to significantly slow down the fermentation process. While a slightly puffed container doesn't always mean the yogurt is spoiled, it's a sign that fermentation is actively occurring.
If your yogurt container is significantly puffed up or the yogurt has an off-putting smell or appearance (e.g., mold), it's best to discard it, even if it's before the expiration date. A slight puff is usually harmless, but significant changes indicate potential spoilage.