Eggs develop small cracks after fridge storage primarily due to moisture loss through the porous shell, leading to a slight shrinkage of the egg's contents and potential weakening of the shell. Temperature fluctuations can also contribute.
Eggs are naturally porous, meaning their shells have tiny holes that allow air and moisture to pass through. When eggs are stored in the refrigerator, the lower humidity environment draws moisture out of the egg. This moisture loss causes the egg's contents to shrink slightly. As the contents shrink, they can put stress on the shell, especially if the shell is already thin or weak. Furthermore, temperature fluctuations within the refrigerator (e.g., when the door is opened and closed) can cause the egg to expand and contract slightly, further contributing to the development of hairline cracks. These cracks are often small and may not be immediately visible, but they can compromise the egg's protective barrier against bacteria.
Store eggs in their original carton inside the refrigerator, not in the door. The carton helps to maintain humidity around the eggs and protects them from temperature fluctuations caused by opening and closing the refrigerator door. This can help minimize moisture loss and reduce the likelihood of cracks.