Generally, cheese should be refrigerated promptly after purchase or serving to prevent bacterial growth and spoilage. Leaving cheese at room temperature for more than a couple of hours is not recommended.
Cheese, being a dairy product, is susceptible to bacterial contamination and spoilage if left at room temperature for extended periods. The 'danger zone' for bacterial growth is between 40°F (4°C) and 140°F (60°C). When cheese is left within this temperature range, bacteria can multiply rapidly, potentially leading to foodborne illnesses.
Hard cheeses like Parmesan and aged cheddar can tolerate slightly longer periods at room temperature compared to soft cheeses like Brie or cream cheese due to their lower moisture content. However, even hard cheeses should be refrigerated within a few hours. Soft cheeses, with their higher moisture content, are more prone to bacterial growth and should be refrigerated as soon as possible.
If you've left cheese out for longer than two hours at room temperature (or one hour if the temperature is above 90°F/32°C), it's best to discard it to avoid any potential health risks. Always err on the side of caution when it comes to food safety.
To enhance the flavor of cheese, you can take it out of the refrigerator about 30 minutes before serving. This allows the cheese to come to room temperature, which can help release its full aroma and taste. However, remember to refrigerate any leftovers promptly after serving.