The bitter core of vegetables like celery is removed to improve the flavor and texture, making the vegetable more palatable. The core often contains a higher concentration of compounds that contribute to bitterness.
Many vegetables, including celery, contain compounds that can impart a bitter taste. These compounds are often concentrated in the core or base of the vegetable. In celery, the core tends to be tougher and stringier than the outer stalks. Removing the core eliminates the most intense source of bitterness, resulting in a sweeter, more pleasant flavor and a more tender texture. This makes the celery more enjoyable to eat raw in salads or as a snack, and it also improves the overall taste of cooked dishes. The core can also sometimes interfere with the even cooking of the vegetable.
If you find celery too stringy even after removing the core, try peeling the outer stalks with a vegetable peeler. This removes the tough outer fibers and makes the celery much more tender and easier to chew.