Yes, lemon zest can be used to add a bright, citrusy sourness to dishes. It provides a concentrated lemon flavor without the liquid acidity of lemon juice.
Lemon zest is the outermost layer of the lemon peel, containing aromatic oils that are rich in flavor. When you zest a lemon, you're releasing these oils, which contribute a vibrant, tangy, and slightly bitter taste. This sourness is different from the direct acidity of lemon juice; it's more nuanced and complex. Lemon zest works well in both sweet and savory applications. In baking, it adds a refreshing citrus note to cakes, cookies, and muffins. In savory dishes, it can brighten up sauces, marinades, and dressings. The key is to use only the yellow part of the peel, avoiding the white pith underneath, which is bitter and can detract from the desired flavor. The zest can be added at various stages of cooking, depending on the desired intensity. Adding it towards the end preserves its fresh aroma, while adding it earlier allows the flavor to meld with other ingredients.
Use a microplane zester for the finest zest, which releases the most flavor and blends seamlessly into your dishes. Avoid using a regular grater, as it can easily grate too deeply and include the bitter white pith.