Your breadcrumb coating likely burns before the patty cooks inside because your oil is too hot, or the patty itself is too thick for the heat you're using.
Breadcrumbs, especially the finer ones, can brown and even burn super quickly. This happens because they're in direct contact with the hot oil and have less moisture compared to the inside of your patty. If your oil is way too hot, those breadcrumbs will char in a flash before enough heat has even gotten into the patty to cook it through. On the flip side, if your patty is very thick, it needs more time to cook internally, but a high temperature will cause the outside to burn too soon. The trick is to find that perfect balance:
For thicker patties that need a bit more cooking time, after you've browned them, you can pop them into a preheated oven at a moderate temperature (like 180°C/350°F) for 10-15 minutes. This ensures they cook through without incinerating the coating!