Yes, coconut milk effectively balances sharp spice in Thai curries due to its fat content and subtle sweetness, which help to neutralize capsaicin and create a smoother flavor profile.
Coconut milk is a staple ingredient in many Thai curries, and its ability to temper the heat from chilies is one of its key functions. The fat molecules in coconut milk bind to capsaicin, the compound responsible for the burning sensation in chili peppers. This binding action reduces the availability of capsaicin to interact with pain receptors in your mouth, effectively lessening the perceived spiciness. Furthermore, the subtle sweetness of coconut milk provides a counterpoint to the chili's heat, creating a more balanced and palatable flavor. The creamy texture also contributes to a smoother mouthfeel, further mitigating the harshness of the spice. Different types of coconut milk exist, with varying fat content. Full-fat coconut milk will be more effective at reducing spice than light coconut milk. The amount of coconut milk added can be adjusted to achieve the desired level of spiciness.
If you accidentally add too much chili paste to your curry, start by adding a small amount of coconut milk and taste as you go. Adding too much at once can dilute the other flavors in the dish. You can also add a squeeze of lime juice to further brighten the flavor and balance the spice.