Balancing flavors in a dish is best done throughout the cooking process, but adjustments can often be made post-cooking to fine-tune the final taste.
Balancing flavors involves harmonizing sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami elements in a dish. Ideally, you should taste and adjust seasonings at each stage of cooking. This allows flavors to meld and develop properly. For example, adding a touch of acid (like lemon juice or vinegar) early on can brighten flavors as they cook. However, sometimes the final flavor profile isn't quite right after cooking. Post-cooking adjustments are perfectly acceptable and often necessary. You might need to add a pinch of salt to enhance the overall taste, a squeeze of lemon to brighten it, a touch of sugar to balance acidity, or a dash of hot sauce for a kick. The key is to taste frequently and add small amounts of seasoning until the desired balance is achieved. Remember that flavors can change as a dish cools, so it's best to taste it at the temperature it will be served.
When adjusting flavors post-cooking, start with the element you think is most lacking. Add it in very small increments, tasting after each addition. It's easier to add more than to take away!