No, raw chicken should not be stored in saltwater brine for extended periods. While brining is a useful technique, it should be done under refrigeration and for a limited time to prevent bacterial growth.
Storing raw chicken in saltwater brine at room temperature or for too long, even in the refrigerator, creates a breeding ground for harmful bacteria like Salmonella and Campylobacter. These bacteria thrive in environments with moisture and nutrients, and the brine solution provides both. While the salt in the brine can inhibit some bacterial growth, it's not sufficient to eliminate the risk entirely.
The recommended method for brining chicken is to do so in the refrigerator (below 40°F or 4°C) for a limited time, typically between 30 minutes to 4 hours, depending on the size of the chicken pieces. This allows the chicken to absorb the flavor and moisture from the brine without compromising food safety. After brining, the chicken should be thoroughly rinsed and cooked to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) to kill any remaining bacteria. Discard the used brine; do not reuse it.
Always use a food thermometer to ensure the chicken reaches a safe internal temperature. Insert the thermometer into the thickest part of the chicken, avoiding bone, to get an accurate reading.