Why is my bread (loaf bread) crust too thick and hard?

Question

Why is the crust of your homemade bread loaf too thick and hard? Troubleshoot the common causes, from oven temperature to lack of steam.

Answer 1

A thick, hard bread crust is often caused by baking at too high a temperature, for too long, or with insufficient moisture in the oven. Adjusting these factors can help achieve a softer, more desirable crust.

Detailed Explanation:

Several factors contribute to a bread crust becoming overly thick and hard. Understanding these will help you troubleshoot and bake the perfect loaf.

1. Oven Temperature: Baking at a temperature that's too high causes the crust to form and harden rapidly before the inside of the bread has fully cooked. This results in a significant difference in texture between the crust and the crumb.
2. Baking Time: Overbaking dries out the bread, leading to a thicker, harder crust. The longer the bread is in the oven, the more moisture evaporates, contributing to this effect.
3. Lack of Steam: Steam in the oven during the initial baking phase is crucial for a good crust. Steam keeps the surface of the dough moist, allowing it to expand fully before the crust sets. Without enough steam, the crust forms too early and becomes thick and hard.
4. Dough Hydration: A dough that is too dry to begin with will naturally result in a drier, harder crust. Ensure your recipe has sufficient liquid for the type of flour you are using.
5. Flour Type: Using a flour with a high protein content can also contribute to a tougher crust. Bread flour is great for structure, but too much can lead to a hard crust if other factors aren't balanced.

To remedy this, try reducing the oven temperature by 25°F (15°C), shortening the baking time, introducing steam into the oven (e.g., by placing a pan of hot water on the lower rack), increasing the hydration of your dough, or using a blend of bread flour and all-purpose flour.

Pro Tip:

After baking, brush the crust with melted butter or olive oil while it's still warm. This will soften the crust and add flavor. You can also wrap the bread in a clean kitchen towel as it cools to trap moisture and soften the crust.